Place potatoes in a large pot and cover with cold water by 2 cm / 1 inch. Add 1 tsp salt. Bring to a gentle boil over medium-high heat, then reduce to a simmer. Cook until potatoes are tender when pierced with a fork, 12-15 minutes. Drain and let steam off for 5 minutes; they should be warm but not falling apart.
While potatoes cook, whisk together mayonnaise, sour cream, Dijon, apple cider vinegar, sugar, 1 tsp salt, and freshly ground black pepper in a large mixing bowl. Taste for balance - you want a slightly tangy, smooth dressing with a hint of sweetness.
Toss warm potatoes into the dressing so they absorb flavor while still hot. Use a gentle folding motion to coat without mashing. The warmth helps the mayo potato salad bind and creates a silkier texture.
Fold in diced celery, red onion, capers, and most of the chives. The celery adds crispness, onion brings a sharp edge, and capers contribute briny contrast to the creamy potato salad.
Adjust seasoning with additional salt, pepper, or a splash more vinegar if it needs brightness. The dressing should cling to the potatoes with a smooth, spoonable consistency - not soupy, not stiff.
Chill the salad for at least 1 hour to let flavors marry. Before serving, give it a final stir and top with remaining chives. Aromas should be fresh, with a comforting mayonnaise richness and lively vinegar notes.